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Commodity Trading: Lean Hog Futures

Overview

Hog production in the United States has undergone a dramatic change in the last decade and a half. In 1988, Hog farms with less than 1,000 head accounted for 32% of the market share of all Hog producers, while large 50,000 plus head operations accounted for roughly 7% of total hog production. According to a 1998 pork industry Structure Study done by the University of Missouri, large 50,000 plus animal operations now account for 37% of the total Pork Industry, while small 1,000 head or less operations only account for 5% of total US market share. This transformation from small operators to large-scale operations has changed the nature of the pork industry as well as pork futures trading.

Prior to 1997, Hog futures were traded based on "live weight". This was the total weight of the Hog prior to slaughter and dressing. Due to the changing nature of the pork industry, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange changed the Hog contract to "lean weight", or post slaughter based on the fact that most finished hogs are sold to slaughter houses who priced the animals based on slaughter weight, not "on the hoof" weight. In order to maximize the utility of Hog futures for producers, processors, and speculators the Hog contract was changed from 40,000 pounds live weight, to 40,000 pounds lean weight, or post slaughter. (Note: All prices used prior to the February 1997 contract reflect Live Hog futures as opposed to Lean Hog futures).

Carcass Breakdown

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Note: A 250 pound Live Hog produces a 184 pound carcass

Appendix to Carcass Break-Down

Cut Name	% of Carcass	Description
A-Side	19%	13.5% Bacon Spareribs, trimmings, and fat
B-Loin	18%	Back ribs, loins, country style ribs, sirloin roasts, tenderloin, trimmings, bone and fat
C-Ham	24%	Cured & fresh hams, trimming and, fat
D-Boston Butt	8%	Blade steaks, blade roast, trimmings and fat
E-Picnic	9%	Picnic meats, skin, fat, and bones

SPONSORED BY:

Commodity Trader's Almanac 2008
Scott W. Barrie
Best Price $26.37
or Buy New $26.37

Disclosure of Risk: The risk of loss in trading futures and options can be substantial; therefore, only genuine risk funds should be used. Futures and options ARE not suitable investments for all individuals, and individuals should carefully consider their financial condition in deciding whether to trade. Option traders should be aware that the exercise of a long option would result in a futures position.

SEASONAL TENDENCIES ARE A COMPOSITE OF SOME OF THE MOST CONSISTENT COMMODITY FUTURES SEASONALS THAT HAVE OCCURRED IN THE PAST 15 YEARS. THERE ARE USUALLY UNDERLYING, FUNDAMENTAL CIRCUMSTANCES THAT OCCUR ANNUALLY THAT TEND TO CAUSE THE FUTURES MARKETS TO REACT IN SIMILAR DIRECTIONAL MANNER DURING A CERTAIN CALENDAR YEAR. EVEN IF A SEASONAL TENDENCY OCCURS IN THE FUTURE, IT MAY NOT RESULT IN A PROFITABLE TRANSACTION AS FEES AND THE TIMING OF THE ENTRY AND LIQUIDATION MAY IMPACT ON THE RESULTS. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT HAS IN THE PAST, OR WILL IN THE FUTURE, ACHIEVE PROFITS USING THESE RECOMMENDATIONS. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT PRICE PATTERNS WILL RECUR IN THE FUTURE.

HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE MANY INHERENT LIMITATIONS, SOME OF WHICH ARE DESCRIBED BELOW. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL, OR IS LIKELY TO, ACHIEVE PROFITS OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN. IN FACT, THERE ARE FREQUENTLY SHARP DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS AND THE ACTUAL RESULTS SUBSEQUENTLY ACHIEVED BY ANY PARTICULAR TRADING PROGRAM.

ONE OF THE LIMITATIONS OF HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS IS THAT THEY ARE GENERALLY PREPARED WITH THE BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. IN ADDITION, HYPOTHETICAL TRADING DOES NOT INVOLVE FINANCIAL RISK, AND NO HYPOTHETICAL TRADING RECORD CAN COMPLETELY ACCOUNT FOR THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL RISK IN ACTUAL TRADING. FOR EXAMPLE, THE ABILITY TO WITHSTAND LOSSES OR TO ADHERE TO A PARTICULAR TRADING PROGRAM, IN SPITE OF TRADING LOSSES, ARE MATERIAL POINTS WHICH CAN ALSO ADVERSELY AFFECT ACTUAL TRADING RESULTS. THERE ARE NUMEROUS OTHER FACTORS RELATED TO THE MARKETS, IN GENERAL, OR TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ANY SPECIFIC TRADING PROGRAM WHICH CANNOT BE FULLY ACCOUNTED FOR IN THE PREPARATION OF HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS AND ALL OF WHICH CAN ADVERSELY AFFECT ACTUAL TRADING RESULTS.